Standard, interleaved and simultaneous Clifford RB in one run: error per Clifford, gate error with Magesan bounds, bootstrap CIs, report.
Officially provided by KetQat — method by Knill et al. (2008), Magesan et al. (2011) and others. KetQat prepares, verifies and maintains this product; it does not claim to have invented the method. Read the origin statement.
Runs Clifford randomized benchmarking on one or two simulated qubits, exactly with Stim, as one workflow: standard RB always, interleaved RB when a gate is named, and simultaneous RB (two independent single-qubit sequences driven together, each compared with the same sequence run alone) when a crosstalk rate is given. Every sequence's survival is kept, the decay S(m) = A lambda^m + 1/d is fitted by weighted nonlinear least squares in survival space with the asymptote fixed, and a non-parametric bootstrap over sequences gives 95% intervals for the decay parameter, the error per Clifford, the interleaved gate error and the addressability error. The interleaved gate may carry its own depolarizing rate, so a gate better or worse than the Cliffords around it can be resolved; its error is reported with the systematic bound of Magesan et al. (2012). Because the noise is a known depolarizing model, the analytic expectation of every quantity is reported beside the fit, and the open SDK's linearized fit is shown for comparison. Everything is written to one JSON result and a Markdown report.
For people who want the three RB protocols run consistently on one seed with uncertainties they can quote, as a reference for their own analysis code or for teaching.
This is a KetQat Pro product: it runs locally like every catalog product, from a signed bundle installed with ketqat pro install under a time-limited entitlement. Its implementation is not part of the open SDK.
Installs the KetQat SDK from commit 2cedabbd814f, the exact version whose product definition this page shows. The SDK is not on PyPI yet, so pip install ketqat alone will not work.
pip install "ketqat[pro,qec] @ git+https://github.com/ketqat/ketqat-sdk@2cedabbd814fd199b1989c8ceb1e9efa1744c2c0#subdirectory=python" && ketqat pro login && ketqat pro install [email protected]Save it as example.py and run python example.py. Or use the CLI: ketqat catalog run [email protected].
import json
from ketqat_runner import catalog
record = catalog.run("[email protected]", seed=2026, qubits=1, depolarizing_rate=0.005)
result = record.result
interval = result["standard"]["bootstrap"]["error_per_clifford"]
print(json.dumps({
"status": record.status,
"qubits": result["qubits"],
"fit_conclusive": not result["standard"]["fit"]["inconclusive"],
"interval_brackets_estimate": interval["lower"] <= result["error_per_clifford"] <= interval["upper"],
"within_ten_percent_of_analytic": abs(result["error_per_clifford"] - 2 * 0.005 / 3) < 0.1 * (2 * 0.005 / 3),
}))
{
"qubits": 1,
"status": "succeeded",
"fit_conclusive": true,
"interval_brackets_estimate": true,
"within_ten_percent_of_analytic": true
}Verified with
No verification run of this example is recorded in its definition. Pro examples need an entitlement, which the public SDK CI does not have.
ketqat report RUN_ID sends an opt-in usage report: product, version, succeeded/failed, time and SDK version only. It shows you the exact payload first and needs an API token from Settings. Nothing is sent unless you run it.
This is a Pro product
The open SDK already enumerates the 1- and 2-qubit Clifford groups, builds and samples standard, interleaved and simultaneous RB sequences with Stim, fits the decay by a weighted linearized least squares with a propagated standard error, computes the interleaved gate error with the Magesan systematic bound and the addressability error, and runs standard RB from a manifest (randomized_benchmarking.py, runner.py). Nothing of that moves behind Pro, and this product calls those functions. Pro adds the suite as one catalog run: all three protocols on one seed with every sequence's survival kept, a weighted nonlinear fit in survival space that also handles the noiseless case, bootstrap intervals over sequences for every reported quantity, a separate noise rate for the interleaved gate, cx as an interleaved gate, analytic expectations beside every estimate, and a Markdown report.
ketqat pro loginketqat pro install [email protected]ketqat catalog run [email protected]ketqat pro login stores a signed entitlement valid for up to 7 days; runs start offline while it is valid. Cancelling stops new Pro runs and updates after it expires. Your results are never deleted, and Free products are unaffected. This is not DRM.
| Name | Type | Default | Allowed values | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| qubits | integer | 1 | enum: 1, 2 | Qubits benchmarked by the standard and interleaved protocols (the Clifford group is enumerated for 1 or 2). |
| sequence_lengths | integer[] | [1,2,4,8,16,32,64] | maxItems: 12; minItems: 3; itemMaximum: 512; itemMinimum: 1; uniqueItems: true | Numbers of random Cliffords per sequence (distinct, at least three). |
| sequences_per_length | integer | 20 | maximum: 200; minimum: 2 | Independent random sequences at every length; the bootstrap resamples these. |
| depolarizing_rate | number | 0.005 | maximum: 0.5; minimum: 0 | Probability of DEPOLARIZE1 (one qubit) or DEPOLARIZE2 (two qubits) after every Clifford. |
| shots | integer | 200 | maximum: 10000; minimum: 1 | Measurements per sequence. |
| interleaved_gate | string | null | enum: i, x, y, z, h, s, cx | Gate for interleaved RB, applied to every qubit after each random Clifford; cx (control 0, target 1) needs qubits = 2. null skips interleaved RB. |
| interleaved_gate_depolarizing_rate | number | null | maximum: 0.5; minimum: 0 | Depolarizing probability after the interleaved gate. null uses depolarizing_rate (gate-independent noise). |
| simultaneous_crosstalk_rate | number | null | maximum: 0.5; minimum: 0 | Probability of a correlated DEPOLARIZE2 on the two qubits per step of simultaneous single-qubit RB. null skips simultaneous RB; 0 runs it without crosstalk. |
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| decay_parameter | number | Fitted lambda of standard RB (null when the fit is inconclusive). |
| error_per_clifford | number | r = (d-1)/d (1 - lambda) of standard RB (null when the fit is inconclusive). |
| standard | object | Per-length survival points, the nonlinear fit, bootstrap intervals, the open SDK's linearized fit and the analytic expectation. |
| interleaved | object | null unless requested: points, fit, gate_error with the Magesan systematic bound, gate_error_bootstrap and the analytic expectation. |
| simultaneous | object | null unless requested: per qubit the isolated and simultaneous fits, addressability error with a bootstrap interval, the mean and the analytic expectation. |
| report | string | Markdown report of every protocol run, with caveats. |
Not generated in the open SDK: running this product needs a Pro entitlement and bundle, which this repository's CI does not have. Maintainer run of the private bundle (one qubit, p = 0.005, lengths 1 to 64, 20 sequences, 200 shots, seed 2026, Stim 1.16.0): decay parameter 0.99321, error per Clifford 0.003397 with 95% bootstrap interval [0.003221, 0.003579] against the analytic 2p/3 = 0.003333 (0.65 bootstrap sigma away); the open SDK's linearized fit gave 0.003331. With interleaved x at its own rate 0.01 and simultaneous RB at crosstalk 0.01 on the same seed: gate error 0.00703 [0.00644, 0.00749] with systematic bound 0.0104 against the analytic 0.00667, and addressability error 0.005296 against the analytic 0.005298.
No validation tests are recorded for this product
Read the limitations above before relying on its results.1.0.01 Nov 2026currentShown on this page
Needs SDK 0.3.0 or later with extras: pro, qec.
KetQat integration of open-source software
Randomized benchmarking is due to Knill et al. (2008) and, in the Clifford-group form with its fidelity decay model, to Magesan, Gambetta and Emerson (2011, 2012); interleaved RB and its systematic bound to Magesan et al. (2012); simultaneous RB and addressability to Gambetta et al. (2012). Circuits are simulated exactly by Stim (Craig Gidney) through the open SDK's Clifford enumeration and sequence builders, and the statistics use NumPy. KetQat wrote the suite workflow: per-sequence collection, the nonlinear fit, the bootstrap, the separate gate rate, the analytic comparison, the report and this catalog entry. KetQat did not invent any of the protocols or bounds.
LicenseRef-KetQat-Pro — the KetQat Pro license. See Licensing.
People credited for this product. KetQat publishes and maintains it; contributors are credited for their work and are not sellers.
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